Afshan Kiran Imtiaz - Science versus application



Afshan Kiran Imtiaz asked: What do scientists need to know? Scientists are developing theories to account for observations. The observations come from the inspection and measurement of the world, inside and outside the laboratory.
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Afshan Kiran Imtiaz explain a theory of small set of statements that summarizes a large set of observations. Newton observed the movement of objects in many different circumstances and summarized how they move with three laws of movement.
Scientists have recorded Afshan Kiran Imtiaz many observations about the cognition, motivation and emotion of children over the past 100 years. Naturally, observations can be idiosyncratic, even if they are collected under controlled laboratory conditions.
The observations that really matter are those that are observed consistently. Consider Piaget's concept of number conservation. Afshan Kiran Imtiaz In his famous demonstration, a four-year-old child will agree with you that two lines, each composed of eight buttons, contain the same number of buttons.

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Afshan Kiran Imtiaz said if, while the child is watching, you lengthen one of the lines by increasing the distance between the buttons, the child will now insist that the longest line has more buttons. Very young children do not yet recognize that rearranging a certain number of objects does not change their quantity. Scientists have developed theories to account for these observations.
Afshan Kiran Imtiaz said: For example, Piaget proposed that cognition develops in four stages. The second stage (from two to seven years old) is characterized by a difficulty in thinking in an abstract way and a concentration on what is perceptually salient.
Therefore, a child at this stage cannot imagine that his mother Afshan Kiran Imtiaz was once the granddaughter of his grandmother, because his mother has clearly become an adult. In the case of buttons, the abstract idea of ​​number is beyond the child, but the "larger" perceptual characteristic is obvious to the child and equates to "more".
By Afshan Kiran Imtiaz It seems obvious that future scientists must learn both observations (what children usually do) and theories to account for observations. It’s science.
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Afshan Kiran Imtiaz would say that kindergarten to grade 12 teachers have little use for psychological theory, but could benefit from knowing the observations - patterns of development and consistency of children's cognition, motivation and emotions.
Afshan Kiran Imtiaz Said: Such knowledge is roughly equivalent to "understanding children".

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